Articles

Immunohistochemical expression of receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHR) in muscle-invasive Urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder: a potential predictive marker for targeted cytotoxic LHRH hybrid analogs

Recurrent disease following failed chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) has no universally accepted treatment guidelines. Receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHR) have ...

Authors: Saba Yasir, Gustavo Fernandez-Castro, Numra Aslam Bajwa, Norman Block, Andrew Schally, Richard Cote and Merce Jorda

Granulomatous inflammation in pulmonary pathology of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: case report with a literature review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, was declared a pandemic, infecting more than twelve million people worldwide. Few studies have reported the findings o...

Authors: Elif Usturalı Keskin, Ebru Tastekin, Nuray Can, İnci Usta, Nermin Tuncbilek, Derya Karabulut, Osman Kula and Onur Kırkızlar

50% versus 70%: is there a difference between these BCL2 cut-offs in immunohistochemistry for diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL)?

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) update of 2017 defines the cut-off for BCL2 in immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 50% of stained cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). The WHO’s 2017 classification,...

Authors: Cristiano Claudino Oliveira, Maria Aparecida Custódio Domingues, Isabela Werneck da Cunha and Fernando Augusto Soares

Identification and quantification of notch receptors in human cutaneous melanoma using molecular biology techniques: literature review

The Notch signaling pathway and its modulators are directly related to growth, verticalization and metastasis in melanoma, being a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of this type of cancer. There ar...

Authors: Lorena Dal Collina Sangiuliano, Renato Santos de Oliveira Filho, Daniel Arcuschin de Oliveira, Heitor Carvalho Gomes and Lydia Masako Ferreira

Occurrence of metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma in an immunosuppressed patient

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignancy accounting for 0.005 to 0.01% of all cutaneous tumors. However, its etiology is not well established. Herein we are reporting the occurrence of metastatic porocarcino...

Authors: Mitul B. Modi, Ata S. Moshiri, Toru Shoji, Martin C. Mihm Jr, Xiaowei Xu and David E. Elder

Fibrosing pneumonia – how to diagnose, and how to recognize the etiology?

Fibrosing pneumonias are a group of interstitial lung diseases with a different etiologic background and divergent prognosis. They are differentiated into usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), non-specific inter...

Authors: Helmut H.- Popper

Divergent differentiation and variant morphology in invasive urothelial carcinomas – association with muscle-invasive disease

To evaluate the frequency of divergent differentiations / variant morphology in urothelial carcinoma, and their association with muscle-invasive disease at diagnosis.

Authors: Suelen Cunha Santana, Maiara Ferreira de Souza, Maria Estela Pompeu Amaral and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

The values of Transgelin, Stathmin, BCOR and Cyclin-D1 expression in differentiation between Uterine Leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (ESS); diagnostic and prognostic implications

Morphologic distinction between uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) alone is not straightforward and has been shown to be challenging especially with poor differentiation, so im...

Authors: Mohamed Ali Alabiad, Ola A. Harb, Mustafa Taha Abdelfattah, Basant Sh. El-Shafaay, Ahmed K. El-Taher and Elsayed I. El-Hendawy

Melanocytic lesions of the prostate

Benign melanocytic lesions of the prostate are rare and classified as blue nevus or melanosis. Both lesions have about 30 cases each reported in English literature.

Authors: Maria Estela Pompeu do Amaral and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

Meckel Gruber syndrome – a case report

Meckel Gruber Syndrome (MKS) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies ultimately leading to the death of fetus in utero or shortly after birth. It is c...

Authors: Marquess Raj, Sujata Dhanuka, Prerna Agarwal, Suresh Lakki Reddy and Sethuramalingam Vivekananthan

Rhabdomyosarcoma with an intratumoral adult type rhabdomyoma nodule with focal neuronal differentiation - diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a rare disease

Rhabdomyosarcomas with areas reminiscent of adult type rhabdomyoma are rare and almost exclusive of pretreated tumors. We present a case of 17-year-old patient who sought medical assistance due to a right pain...

Authors: Suelen Cunha Santana, Filip Messias Santana Prado, Marcos Lima de Oliveira Leal, Paulo Athanazio and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

The immunohistochemical landscape of the VEGF family and its receptors in glioblastomas

Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. This complex mechanism of tumor progression provides tumors cells with essential nutrients. There have been a limited number of investigations of markers of angi...

Authors: Luiz Victor Maia Loureiro, Luciano Neder, Donato Callegaro-Filho, Ludmila de Oliveira Koch, João Norberto Stavale and Suzana Maria Fleury Malheiros

Relevance of morphological features for hepatocellular adenoma classification in pathology practice

Gene mutations correlated with histological and immunohistochemical phenotypes of hepatocellular adenoma were recently identified. Based on these findings, four adenoma subtypes were distinguished. We classify...

Authors: Carla Henriques Agostini, Osmar Damasceno Ribeiro, Arlete Fernandes, Adriana Caroli-Bottino and Vera Lucia Pannain

Upfront surgical resection for primary bone tumors: rationale and potential benefits

Local control for the treatment of primary bone tumors is generally delayed following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This was born out of the historical need to manufacture custom implants when performing limb-salv...

Authors: Yoav S. Zvi, Amit Singla, Alexander J. Chou, Janet Tingling, Rui Yang, Bang H. Hoang and David S. Geller

Accuracy of p53 and ki-67 in the graduation of phyllodes tumor, a model for practical application

The accurate graduation of a phyllodes tumor (PT) is critical for effective treatment as it allows correct surgical management, and avoids inadequate excision for malignant or borderline PT, or surgical overtr...

Authors: L. F. Rivero, M. S. Graudenz, P. Aschton-Prolla, A. M. Delgado and L. M. Kliemann

Corrected integrated density: a novel method for liver elastic fibers quantification in chronic hepatitis C

Elastic fibers deposition is triggered during liver fibrosis and is related to worse clinical prognosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. This study aimed to verify if a new method for elastic fiber quantificat...

Authors: Carine Leite, Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta, Eduardo Neubarth Trindade, Manoel Roberto Maciel Trindade, Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva and Carlos Thadeu Schmidt Cerski

Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms: a clinicopathological study of 11 cases and detailed review of literature

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of pancreas are relatively rare, occur almost exclusively in middle-aged females, and are overwhelmingly located in the body and tail of the pancreas, histologically show an ov...

Authors: Nasir Ud Din, Maha Zubair, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar and Zubair Ahmad

Plasmocytoid urothelial carcinoma - clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects

Plasmacytoid (PUC) variant is a rare and aggressive form of urothelial cancer representing 1 to 3% of the bladder cancer. The main differential diagnosis is the bladder involvement by lymphoma-plasmocytoma or ...

Authors: Katia Ramos Moreira Leite

Penile squamous cell carcinoma and lichen planus

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSSC) has some non-PHV associated precursos and lichen planus is not considered one of them.

Authors: Marcos Lima de Oliveira Leal, Lucas Rosemberg Pellegrino Jorge Alencar, Suelen Cunha Santana, Bianca Carla Azevedo de Souza and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

Doughnut bother! Histopathological examination of anastomotic doughnuts following colorectal anastomosis does not change patient management

The use of a circular stapling device to create an anastomosis following colonic or rectal resection is common practice in the United Kingdom. Histopathological analysis of the anastomotic doughnuts produced t...

Authors: Steven Dixon, Hannah Barrow and Jane Hughes

Literature review of Notch melanoma receptors

Despite the immunotherapeutics and target therapy agents, the survival of patients with advanced melanoma is still low. Notch signaling is able to regulate many aspects of melanomagenesis. Comparative analyses...

Authors: Renato Santos de Oliveira Filho, Alexandre Lavorato Soares, Francisco Macedo Paschoal, Gisele Gargantini Rezze, Ebe Oliveira, Ricardo Macarenco, Antonio Carlos Buzaid and Lydia Masako Ferreira

Neoplastic cells parasitized by Mycobacterium leprae: report of two cases of melanocytic nevus and one of basal cell carcinoma

Leprosy is a major public health concern in many developing countries. Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), the causative agent of leprosy, has the ability to parasitize different types of human cells and tissues. I...

Authors: Cleverson Soares Teixeira, Patricia Pinheiro Montalvão, Isabella Tostes de Oliveira and Patrick Alexander Wachholz

STR technique for the detection of contamination by exogenous DNA in paraffin blocks and histological slides

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) present different types of mutations that may or may not be sensitive to specific target therapy. The laboratory procedure required to prepare histological sections tradi...

Authors: Denise Barcelos, Karina Funabashi, Susana Mazloum, Mariana Fernandes and Leonardo Cardili

The strengths and weaknesses of gross and histopathological evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma: a brief review

Careful pathological analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens is essential for definitive diagnosis and patient prognostication. Tumor size and focality, gross patterns, macro- and microvascular in...

Authors: Sebastião N. Martins-Filho and Venâncio Avancini Ferreira Alves

Brain ectopic tissue in sacrococcygeal region of a child, clinically mimicking sacrococcygeal teratoma: a case report

Mature brain heterotopic tissue in sacrococcygeal region is a very rare benign congenital abnormality of newborn. To date, only two cases of mature heterotopic brain tissue in the sacrococcygeal region is repo...

Authors: Ramin Saadaat, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Ahmed Nasir, Soma Rahmani and Hidayatullah Hamidi

Clinical, pathological and prognostic implications of USP22, SIRT1 and E-cadherin expression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue

Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) is described as a stem cell (CSC) marker which is involved in many biological processes, including cancer development, cellular growth and differentiation. Sirtuin 1 (SI...

Authors: Ola A. Harb, Randa Mohamed Kaf, Heba F. Taha, Safa A. Balata, Rehab Hemeda, Ahmed Mohamed Yehia, Loay M. Gertallah and Ahmed Embaby

Comparation of the quantification of the proliferative index KI67 between eyeball and semi-automated digital analysis in gastro-intestinal neuroendrocrine tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute tumors widely distributed and with heterogeneous biological behavior. For gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) the following prognostic factors have been ide...

Authors: Maíra Leite Basile, Fábio Seiji Kuga and Fabíola Del Carlo Bernardi

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis: revision of a model of carcinogenic disease

This review addresses current issues regarding epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), which are relevant in clinical practice and to comprehend the mechanisms by which human papillomavirus (HPV) acts in cutaneo...

Authors: Lana Luiza da Cruz Silva, Walmar Roncalli Pereira de Oliveira and Mirian Nacagami Sotto

Metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma in a 76-year old male: a pitfall in the diagnosis for unclassified renal cell carcinoma

The kidney is the most common site of metastatic disease to the urinary tract. However, tumor characteristics are commonly deceptive, and the diagnosis of metastatic disease to the kidney may be challenging.

Authors: Dafne C. Andrade, Sheila F. Faraj, Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro Filho and Romulo L. Mattedi

Interesting overlooked findings in melanocytic nevi

Since histological analysis is the gold standard for melanoma diagnose, to understand possible findings in nevi is the first step to avoid diagnostic errors. The aim of this paper is to describe several histol...

Authors: José Cândido Caldeira Xavier-Júnior, Juliana Polizel Ocanha-Xavier, Deolino João Camilo-Júnior, Solange Correa Garcia Pires D’ávilla and Neivio José Mattar

Ameloblastomas: current aspects of the new WHO classification in an analysis of 136 cases

Ameloblastomas are neoplasms that have inspired great controversy and clinical interest; their incidence, radiographic features, treatment and behavior are still discussed quite often in the literature. In 201...

Authors: Ana Maria Hoyos Cadavid, Juliane Piragine Araujo, Cláudia Malheiros Coutinho-Camillo, Sheyla Bologna, Celso Augusto Lemos Junior and Silvia Vanessa Lourenço

Cardiac angiosarcoma in a female adolescent: a case report

We report a rare case of cardiac angiosarcoma in a female adolescent patient that is an unusual case of cardiac angiosarcoma. As the initial symptoms are nonspecific our case demonstrated difficulty to establi...

Authors: Wlisses Ramon Oliveira, Carla Pérez Machado, Marcelo Mendes Las Casas Moreira, Elisa Carvalho de Siqueira, Fabrício Tinôco Alvim de Souza, Fabiano Franco Monteiro Prado, Maria Carolina Barbosa Álvares, Paulo Ramos Botelho Antunes and Cláudia Souza Freitas Faleiro

Prognostic values and clinical implications of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), fork head transcription factor P-1 (FOXP-1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); an immunohistochemical study

PD-L1 is an inhibitory ligand that functions as an essential immune checkpoint. FOXP-1 is a member of the FOXP family. STAT-3 plays a critical role in regulation of cell proliferation and survival. The detailed e...

Authors: Ola A. Harb, Randa Mohamed Kaf, Heba F. Taha, Rham Z. Ahmed, Doaa Mandour, Ahmed Z. Al Attar, Ayman Fathy, Abdelwahab S. Almoregy, Gamal Osman and Loay M. Gertallah

Disorganization of spleen compartments and dermatitis in canine visceral leishmaniasis

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is associated with splenic changes that may interfere with the surveillance of blood borne antigens. Dogs with terminal visceral leishmaniasis present with a variety of skin lesio...

Authors: Claudia C. Santana, Luiz A. R. de Freitas, Geraldo G. S. Oliveira and Washington L. C. dos-Santos

EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcers: a presentation of two cases and a brief literature review

Mucocutaneous ulcers associated with the Epstein Barr virus constitute an EBV-induced B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder first described in 2010 by Stefan D. Dojcinov et al. These lesions can occur in associa...

Authors: Karolinne Correia Wanderlei, Danielle Carvalho Quintella, Tullia Cuzzi, Denize D’Azambuja Ramos, José Carlos Morais, Mário Romañach and Cristiane Bedran Milito

A case series of dermatofibromas originating in leprosy lesions: a potentially misdiagnosed condition

Authors: C. T. Soares, P. Y. Masuda, D. C. Junior, W. A. Belachew and P. A. Wachholz

Apc-related models of intestinal neoplasia: a brief review for pathologists

Rodent models of intestinal cancer are widely used as preclinical models for human colorectal carcinoma and have proven useful in many experimental contexts, including elucidation of basic pathways of carcinog...

Authors: Kay Washington and Annie Elizabeth Dietz Zemper

Emerging entities of renal cell neoplasia

The current classification of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was formulated at the meeting of the World Health Organization Renal Tumor Panel in 2015, with the results published in the fourth edition of the World ...

Authors: Brett Delahunt, John N. Eble, Lars Egevad, John Yaxley, Michelle Thunders and Hemamali Samaratunga

Evaluation of the expression of Bmi-1 stem cell marker in sinonasal melanomas and its correlation with the expression of cell cycle proteins

Sinonasal melanomas (SNM) are aggressive neoplasms, which present distinct clinicopathological and molecular aspects when compared to cutaneous melanomas (CM). B-cell-specific moloney murine leukemia virus int...

Authors: Harim Tavares dos Santos, Juliana de Souza do Nascimento, Fernanda Meireles, João Figueira Scarini, Erika Said Egal, Victor Angelo Montalli, Felipe Paiva Fonseca, Fernanda Viviane Mariano and Albina Altemani

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in endometrial carcinoma: association with histopathologic parameters

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a cellular oncoprotein which is overexpressed in many human cancers including a subset of endometrial cancers. Immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of EGFR has been i...

Authors: Atif Ali Hashmi, Zubaida Fida Hussain, Muhammad Irfan, Maheen Naeem, Shumaila Kanwal Hashmi, Huda Asif, Samina Baloch and Naveen Faridi

Expression of PD-L1 in primary breast carcinoma and lymph node metastases

Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a predictive biomarker of the response of immunotherapy in some types of cancer. In the last years it was described its expression in breast cancer, namely in triple-n...

Authors: Alice M. Alves, Joana Paredes and Fernando Schmitt

The frequency of high PD-L1 expression is low in lung adenocarcinoma patients from Northeast Brazil

As Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICPIs) are changing the standard-care in lung cancer with good clinical activities and durable responses, its indication must be based on the appropriate patient selection once...

Authors: Antonio V. Alves da Silva, Francisco Martins Neto, Ana Claudia da Silva M. de Oliveira, Benedito A. Carneiro, Marclesson Alves, Cleto Dantas Nogueira and Fabio Tavora

Prognostic significance of p16 immunohistochemical expression in urothelial carcinoma

p16 is the protein product of most commonly involved gene in bladder carcinogenesis. Therefore, we performed an immunohistochemical study to evaluate association of p16 overexpression with prognostic parameter...

Authors: Atif Ali Hashmi, Zubaida Fida Hussain, Muhammad Irfan, Shumaila Kanwal Hashmi, Huda Asif and Naveen Faridi

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression in triple-negative breast cancer: association with clinicopathologic features and prognostic parameters

Triple-negative breast cancers are a poor prognostic group of breast cancers that don’t respond to conventional hormonal and her2neu targeted therapy. A subset of triple-negative breast cancer is known to over...

Authors: Atif Ali Hashmi, Samreen Naz, Shumaila Kanwal Hashmi, Muhammad Irfan, Zubaida Fida Hussain, Erum Yousuf Khan, Huda Asif and Naveen Faridi

miRNAs 144-3p, 34a-5p, and 206 are a useful signature for distinguishing uterine leiomyosarcoma from other smooth muscle tumors

Leiomyosarcoma (LMS) is a rare uterine neoplasm that has a high mortality rate and no specific treatment. The origin of LMS remains unknown; although, it is hypothesized that LMS arises from the malignant tran...

Authors: Beatriz Nunes Schiavon, Katia Candido Carvalho, Cláudia Malheiros Coutinho-Camillo, Glauco Baiocchi, Renan Valieris, Rodrigo Drummond, Israel Tojal da Silva, Louise De Brot, Fernando Augusto Soares and Isabela Werneck da Cunha

Columnar cell lesions of the breast: a practical review for the pathologist

Columnar cell lesions (CCLs) of the breast are characterized by the substitution of regular layer of cuboid epithelial by columnar cells covering the terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs). It also comprises a sp...

Authors: Angela Flavia Logullo and Cristiane Nimir

Mucosal Schwann cell hamartomas do occur the gastric mucosa – report of two cases mimicking fundic gland polyps

Mucosal Schwann cell hamartomas (MSCHs) are recently characterized benign spindle cell lesions of the colon and rectum. There is only one report of MSCHs in the stomach (antrum). Herein, we present the first r...

Authors: Márcia Helena Oliveira Castro, Rodrigo Jose Felipe, Amanda Fernandes Cardoso, Carlos Leonardo Martins Guimarães, Paulo Roberto Fontes Athanazio and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

Identification and immunophenotype of abnormal cells present in focal cortical dysplasia type IIb

Focal cortical dysplasias (FCDs) are malformations of cortical development that present cortical dyslamination and abnormal cell morphology and are frequently associated with refractory epilepsy. FCD type IIb ...

Authors: Gleice K. Sousa, Caroline S. Capitelli, Thaís C. D. Dombroski, César A. B. Zanella, Vera C. Terra, Tonicarlo R. Velasco, Hélio R. Machado, João A. Assirati, Carlos G. Carlotti, Vani M. Alves, Jaderson Costa DaCosta, André L. Palmini, Eliseu Paglioli, Americo C. Sakamoto, Roberto Spreafico, Rita Garbelli…

The papilla as a biomarker in the molecular era of bladder oncology

Conventional optical microscopy has been fundamental in the diagnosis of cancer for over a century. Tumor morphology has prognostic value and impact on treatment choice, but integration with molecular knowledg...

Authors: Luciana Schultz

Assessment of syndecan-4 expression in the hearts of Trypanosoma cruzi-infected mice and human subjects with chronic Chagas disease cardiomyopathy

Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy (CCC) is characterized by the presence of a multifocal inflammatory response and myocardial damage, leading to fibrosis, arrhythmias and ventricular dysfunction. The expression of...

Authors: Ticiana Ferreira Larocca, Bruno Solano de Freitas Souza, Carolina Thé Macêdo, Carine Machado Azevedo, Juliana Fraga Vasconcelos, Daniela Nascimento Silva, Diogo Crispim Nascimento Portella, Washington Luis Conrado dos Santos, Fabio Rocha Fernandes Tavora, João David de Souza Neto, Ricardo Ribeiro dos Santos and Milena Botelho Pereira Soares