Articles

Muscle biopsy essential diagnostic advice for pathologists

Muscle biopsies are important diagnostic procedures in neuromuscular practice. Recent advances in genetic analysis have profoundly modified Myopathology diagnosis.

Authors: Ana Cotta, Elmano Carvalho, Antonio Lopes da-Cunha-Júnior, Jaquelin Valicek, Monica M. Navarro, Sidney Baptista Junior, Eni Braga da Silveira, Maria Isabel Lima, Bruno Arrivabene Cordeiro, Alexandre Faleiros Cauhi, Miriam Melo Menezes, Simone Vilela Nunes, Antonio Pedro Vargas, Rafael Xavier Neto and Julia Filardi Paim

Lymphadenectomy after a positive sentinel node biopsy in patients with cutaneous melanoma. A systematic review

Complete lymph node dissection (CLND) following a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has been the standard treatment for years. However, there is increasing evidence that CLND could be omitted. Approxi...

Authors: Maribel L. Da Cunha Cosme, Juan F. Liuzzi Samaterra, Saul A. Siso Cardenas and José I. Chaviano Hernández

Correction to: Occurrence of metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma in an immunosuppressed patient

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Authors: Mitul B. Modi, Ata S. Moshiri, Toru Shoji, Martin C. Mihm Jr, Xiaowei Xu and David E. Elder

IgG4-related lymphadenopathy – a difficult diagnosis

The IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a systemic immune-mediated non-neoplastic disease associated with IgG4 positive plasma cells and fibrosis that often presents as a mass lesion. Although the disease could ...

Authors: Balan Louis Gaspar

Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a reliable diagnostic tool for small breast lesions (≤ 1.0 cm): a 20-year retrospective study

Breast cancer is a major public health problem worldwide. It is recommended that small breast lesions or those suspicious for malignancy be evaluated via histopathological examination (“core biopsy” or surgica...

Authors: Jessica Aline Tomelin de Cursi, Mariângela Esther Alencar Marques, Cristina Andrea Campos de Assis Cunha Castro, Fernando Carlos Schmitt and Cleverson Teixeira Soares

Expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) and telomerase in choriocarcinomas

Blastocyst implantation and neoplastic invasion have some common properties related to tissue invasion, mediated by various cytokines.

Authors: Luciana Pietro, Fátima Bottcher-Luiz, Lício Augusto Velloso, Joseane Morari, Marcelo Nomura and Liliana A. Lucci De Angelo Andrade

Dealing with prostate cancer? Don’t let histiocytic lesions fool you!

Prostate adenocarcinoma has well known benign mimickers. Histiocytic proliferations usually impose differential diagnosis with high-grade component of acinar adenocarcinoma (Gleason pattern 5).

Authors: Maiara Ferreira de Souza, Diogo Diniz de Moraes, Talita Porto da Costa, Juarez Araújo Andrade, Huarne João José Tenório de Macêdo, Augusto Paraíso and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

Carcinomas in the bladder with papillary and pseudopapillary morphology - not always urothelial

Urothelial carcinoma shows wide plasticity and broad morphologic spectrum. In many instances, the presence of papillary morphology is reassuring of the urothelial histogenesis of a high-grade invasive lesion b...

Authors: Daniel Abensur Athanazio, Maiara Ferreira de Souza and Maria Estela Pompeu do Amaral

Lupus mastitis with predominant kappa-restricted plasma cell infiltration: report of a rare case

Lupus mastitis (LM) is a rare complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). The clinical presentations of LM may mimic breast malignancy, and biopsy or excision is us...

Authors: Mingfei Yan, Philip Bomeisl, Hannah Gilmore, Kwadwo Oduro and Aparna Harbhajanka

Rosai-Dorfman disease: a rare presentation with para-aortic and mesenteric lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and ascites

Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare but well-defined, histiocytic proliferative disorder with massive lymphadenopathy.

Authors: Mohammad Hossein Anbardar, Samaneh Hamzehloo, Fatemeh Fazeli, Soheila Zareifar, Mohammad Hadi Imanieh, Mohammadhossein Bahmanzadegan Jahromi and Amir Mohammad Ghorbani

Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis during chemotherapy treatment for invasive breast carcinoma – a rare lesion that simulates tumor progression

Cystic neutrophilic granulomatous mastitis (CNGM) is an uncommon and recently described pattern of granulomatous mastitis. To our knowledge, no cases have been described during chemotherapy for invasive breast...

Authors: Juliana Ribeiro de Freitas, Maiara Ferreira de Souza, Mayana Lopes, Larissa Bitencourt and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

Low-grade oncocytic tumour of kidney (CD117-negative, cytokeratin 7-positive)

The term low-grade oncocytic tumour of kidney is an emerging entity describing CD117-negative and cytokeratin 7-positive indolent tumors with overlapping morphological features between oncocytic tumors.

Authors: Cláudio Galeno Ramalho de Andrade Melo, Marcus Vinicius Nunes Xavier, Isabela Soares Pimenta and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

Concurrent breast adenoid cystic carcinoma and primary squamous cell carcinoma: report of a rare case with single institutional case reviews

Adenoid cystic carcinoma and primary squamous cell carcinoma are both rare breast neoplasms, which possess drastically different morphological and molecular features as well as distinguishing clinical behavior...

Authors: Mingfei Yan, Phillip Bomeisl, Hannah Gilmore and Aparna Harbhajanka

Immunohistochemical expression of receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHR) in muscle-invasive Urothelial carcinoma of urinary bladder: a potential predictive marker for targeted cytotoxic LHRH hybrid analogs

Recurrent disease following failed chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma (UC) has no universally accepted treatment guidelines. Receptors for luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRHR) have ...

Authors: Saba Yasir, Gustavo Fernandez-Castro, Numra Aslam Bajwa, Norman Block, Andrew Schally, Richard Cote and Merce Jorda

Granulomatous inflammation in pulmonary pathology of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia: case report with a literature review

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which started in Wuhan, China, in late December 2019, was declared a pandemic, infecting more than twelve million people worldwide. Few studies have reported the findings o...

Authors: Elif Usturalı Keskin, Ebru Tastekin, Nuray Can, İnci Usta, Nermin Tuncbilek, Derya Karabulut, Osman Kula and Onur Kırkızlar

50% versus 70%: is there a difference between these BCL2 cut-offs in immunohistochemistry for diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL)?

The World Health Organization’s (WHO) update of 2017 defines the cut-off for BCL2 in immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 50% of stained cells in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). The WHO’s 2017 classification,...

Authors: Cristiano Claudino Oliveira, Maria Aparecida Custódio Domingues, Isabela Werneck da Cunha and Fernando Augusto Soares

Identification and quantification of notch receptors in human cutaneous melanoma using molecular biology techniques: literature review

The Notch signaling pathway and its modulators are directly related to growth, verticalization and metastasis in melanoma, being a possible therapeutic target for the treatment of this type of cancer. There ar...

Authors: Lorena Dal Collina Sangiuliano, Renato Santos de Oliveira Filho, Daniel Arcuschin de Oliveira, Heitor Carvalho Gomes and Lydia Masako Ferreira

Occurrence of metastatic eccrine porocarcinoma in an immunosuppressed patient

Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare malignancy accounting for 0.005 to 0.01% of all cutaneous tumors. However, its etiology is not well established. Herein we are reporting the occurrence of metastatic porocarcino...

Authors: Mitul B. Modi, Ata S. Moshiri, Toru Shoji, Martin C. Mihm Jr, Xiaowei Xu and David E. Elder

Fibrosing pneumonia – how to diagnose, and how to recognize the etiology?

Fibrosing pneumonias are a group of interstitial lung diseases with a different etiologic background and divergent prognosis. They are differentiated into usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), non-specific inter...

Authors: Helmut H.- Popper

Divergent differentiation and variant morphology in invasive urothelial carcinomas – association with muscle-invasive disease

To evaluate the frequency of divergent differentiations / variant morphology in urothelial carcinoma, and their association with muscle-invasive disease at diagnosis.

Authors: Suelen Cunha Santana, Maiara Ferreira de Souza, Maria Estela Pompeu Amaral and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

The values of Transgelin, Stathmin, BCOR and Cyclin-D1 expression in differentiation between Uterine Leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (ESS); diagnostic and prognostic implications

Morphologic distinction between uterine leiomyosarcoma (ULMS) and endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) alone is not straightforward and has been shown to be challenging especially with poor differentiation, so im...

Authors: Mohamed Ali Alabiad, Ola A. Harb, Mustafa Taha Abdelfattah, Basant Sh. El-Shafaay, Ahmed K. El-Taher and Elsayed I. El-Hendawy

Melanocytic lesions of the prostate

Benign melanocytic lesions of the prostate are rare and classified as blue nevus or melanosis. Both lesions have about 30 cases each reported in English literature.

Authors: Maria Estela Pompeu do Amaral and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

Meckel Gruber syndrome – a case report

Meckel Gruber Syndrome (MKS) is a rare autosomal recessive malformation syndrome characterized by multiple congenital anomalies ultimately leading to the death of fetus in utero or shortly after birth. It is c...

Authors: Marquess Raj, Sujata Dhanuka, Prerna Agarwal, Suresh Lakki Reddy and Sethuramalingam Vivekananthan

Rhabdomyosarcoma with an intratumoral adult type rhabdomyoma nodule with focal neuronal differentiation - diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a rare disease

Rhabdomyosarcomas with areas reminiscent of adult type rhabdomyoma are rare and almost exclusive of pretreated tumors. We present a case of 17-year-old patient who sought medical assistance due to a right pain...

Authors: Suelen Cunha Santana, Filip Messias Santana Prado, Marcos Lima de Oliveira Leal, Paulo Athanazio and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

The immunohistochemical landscape of the VEGF family and its receptors in glioblastomas

Angiogenesis is one of the hallmarks of cancer. This complex mechanism of tumor progression provides tumors cells with essential nutrients. There have been a limited number of investigations of markers of angi...

Authors: Luiz Victor Maia Loureiro, Luciano Neder, Donato Callegaro-Filho, Ludmila de Oliveira Koch, João Norberto Stavale and Suzana Maria Fleury Malheiros

Relevance of morphological features for hepatocellular adenoma classification in pathology practice

Gene mutations correlated with histological and immunohistochemical phenotypes of hepatocellular adenoma were recently identified. Based on these findings, four adenoma subtypes were distinguished. We classify...

Authors: Carla Henriques Agostini, Osmar Damasceno Ribeiro, Arlete Fernandes, Adriana Caroli-Bottino and Vera Lucia Pannain

Upfront surgical resection for primary bone tumors: rationale and potential benefits

Local control for the treatment of primary bone tumors is generally delayed following neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This was born out of the historical need to manufacture custom implants when performing limb-salv...

Authors: Yoav S. Zvi, Amit Singla, Alexander J. Chou, Janet Tingling, Rui Yang, Bang H. Hoang and David S. Geller

Accuracy of p53 and ki-67 in the graduation of phyllodes tumor, a model for practical application

The accurate graduation of a phyllodes tumor (PT) is critical for effective treatment as it allows correct surgical management, and avoids inadequate excision for malignant or borderline PT, or surgical overtr...

Authors: L. F. Rivero, M. S. Graudenz, P. Aschton-Prolla, A. M. Delgado and L. M. Kliemann

Corrected integrated density: a novel method for liver elastic fibers quantification in chronic hepatitis C

Elastic fibers deposition is triggered during liver fibrosis and is related to worse clinical prognosis in chronic hepatitis C patients. This study aimed to verify if a new method for elastic fiber quantificat...

Authors: Carine Leite, Rodrigo Tzovenos Starosta, Eduardo Neubarth Trindade, Manoel Roberto Maciel Trindade, Mário Reis Álvares-da-Silva and Carlos Thadeu Schmidt Cerski

Pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms: a clinicopathological study of 11 cases and detailed review of literature

Mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCNs) of pancreas are relatively rare, occur almost exclusively in middle-aged females, and are overwhelmingly located in the body and tail of the pancreas, histologically show an ov...

Authors: Nasir Ud Din, Maha Zubair, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar and Zubair Ahmad

Plasmocytoid urothelial carcinoma - clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and molecular aspects

Plasmacytoid (PUC) variant is a rare and aggressive form of urothelial cancer representing 1 to 3% of the bladder cancer. The main differential diagnosis is the bladder involvement by lymphoma-plasmocytoma or ...

Authors: Katia Ramos Moreira Leite

Penile squamous cell carcinoma and lichen planus

Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSSC) has some non-PHV associated precursos and lichen planus is not considered one of them.

Authors: Marcos Lima de Oliveira Leal, Lucas Rosemberg Pellegrino Jorge Alencar, Suelen Cunha Santana, Bianca Carla Azevedo de Souza and Daniel Abensur Athanazio

Doughnut bother! Histopathological examination of anastomotic doughnuts following colorectal anastomosis does not change patient management

The use of a circular stapling device to create an anastomosis following colonic or rectal resection is common practice in the United Kingdom. Histopathological analysis of the anastomotic doughnuts produced t...

Authors: Steven Dixon, Hannah Barrow and Jane Hughes

Literature review of Notch melanoma receptors

Despite the immunotherapeutics and target therapy agents, the survival of patients with advanced melanoma is still low. Notch signaling is able to regulate many aspects of melanomagenesis. Comparative analyses...

Authors: Renato Santos de Oliveira Filho, Alexandre Lavorato Soares, Francisco Macedo Paschoal, Gisele Gargantini Rezze, Ebe Oliveira, Ricardo Macarenco, Antonio Carlos Buzaid and Lydia Masako Ferreira

Neoplastic cells parasitized by Mycobacterium leprae: report of two cases of melanocytic nevus and one of basal cell carcinoma

Leprosy is a major public health concern in many developing countries. Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae), the causative agent of leprosy, has the ability to parasitize different types of human cells and tissues. I...

Authors: Cleverson Soares Teixeira, Patricia Pinheiro Montalvão, Isabella Tostes de Oliveira and Patrick Alexander Wachholz

STR technique for the detection of contamination by exogenous DNA in paraffin blocks and histological slides

Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) present different types of mutations that may or may not be sensitive to specific target therapy. The laboratory procedure required to prepare histological sections tradi...

Authors: Denise Barcelos, Karina Funabashi, Susana Mazloum, Mariana Fernandes and Leonardo Cardili

The strengths and weaknesses of gross and histopathological evaluation in hepatocellular carcinoma: a brief review

Careful pathological analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) specimens is essential for definitive diagnosis and patient prognostication. Tumor size and focality, gross patterns, macro- and microvascular in...

Authors: Sebastião N. Martins-Filho and Venâncio Avancini Ferreira Alves

Brain ectopic tissue in sacrococcygeal region of a child, clinically mimicking sacrococcygeal teratoma: a case report

Mature brain heterotopic tissue in sacrococcygeal region is a very rare benign congenital abnormality of newborn. To date, only two cases of mature heterotopic brain tissue in the sacrococcygeal region is repo...

Authors: Ramin Saadaat, Jamshid Abdul-Ghafar, Ahmed Nasir, Soma Rahmani and Hidayatullah Hamidi

Clinical, pathological and prognostic implications of USP22, SIRT1 and E-cadherin expression in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and adjacent non-neoplastic tissue

Ubiquitin-specific peptidase 22 (USP22) is described as a stem cell (CSC) marker which is involved in many biological processes, including cancer development, cellular growth and differentiation. Sirtuin 1 (SI...

Authors: Ola A. Harb, Randa Mohamed Kaf, Heba F. Taha, Safa A. Balata, Rehab Hemeda, Ahmed Mohamed Yehia, Loay M. Gertallah and Ahmed Embaby

Comparation of the quantification of the proliferative index KI67 between eyeball and semi-automated digital analysis in gastro-intestinal neuroendrocrine tumors

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) constitute tumors widely distributed and with heterogeneous biological behavior. For gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors (GI-NETs) the following prognostic factors have been ide...

Authors: Maíra Leite Basile, Fábio Seiji Kuga and Fabíola Del Carlo Bernardi

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis: revision of a model of carcinogenic disease

This review addresses current issues regarding epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EV), which are relevant in clinical practice and to comprehend the mechanisms by which human papillomavirus (HPV) acts in cutaneo...

Authors: Lana Luiza da Cruz Silva, Walmar Roncalli Pereira de Oliveira and Mirian Nacagami Sotto

Metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma in a 76-year old male: a pitfall in the diagnosis for unclassified renal cell carcinoma

The kidney is the most common site of metastatic disease to the urinary tract. However, tumor characteristics are commonly deceptive, and the diagnosis of metastatic disease to the kidney may be challenging.

Authors: Dafne C. Andrade, Sheila F. Faraj, Leopoldo Alves Ribeiro Filho and Romulo L. Mattedi

Interesting overlooked findings in melanocytic nevi

Since histological analysis is the gold standard for melanoma diagnose, to understand possible findings in nevi is the first step to avoid diagnostic errors. The aim of this paper is to describe several histol...

Authors: José Cândido Caldeira Xavier-Júnior, Juliana Polizel Ocanha-Xavier, Deolino João Camilo-Júnior, Solange Correa Garcia Pires D’ávilla and Neivio José Mattar

Ameloblastomas: current aspects of the new WHO classification in an analysis of 136 cases

Ameloblastomas are neoplasms that have inspired great controversy and clinical interest; their incidence, radiographic features, treatment and behavior are still discussed quite often in the literature. In 201...

Authors: Ana Maria Hoyos Cadavid, Juliane Piragine Araujo, Cláudia Malheiros Coutinho-Camillo, Sheyla Bologna, Celso Augusto Lemos Junior and Silvia Vanessa Lourenço

Cardiac angiosarcoma in a female adolescent: a case report

We report a rare case of cardiac angiosarcoma in a female adolescent patient that is an unusual case of cardiac angiosarcoma. As the initial symptoms are nonspecific our case demonstrated difficulty to establi...

Authors: Wlisses Ramon Oliveira, Carla Pérez Machado, Marcelo Mendes Las Casas Moreira, Elisa Carvalho de Siqueira, Fabrício Tinôco Alvim de Souza, Fabiano Franco Monteiro Prado, Maria Carolina Barbosa Álvares, Paulo Ramos Botelho Antunes and Cláudia Souza Freitas Faleiro

Prognostic values and clinical implications of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), fork head transcription factor P-1 (FOXP-1) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3) expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL); an immunohistochemical study

PD-L1 is an inhibitory ligand that functions as an essential immune checkpoint. FOXP-1 is a member of the FOXP family. STAT-3 plays a critical role in regulation of cell proliferation and survival. The detailed e...

Authors: Ola A. Harb, Randa Mohamed Kaf, Heba F. Taha, Rham Z. Ahmed, Doaa Mandour, Ahmed Z. Al Attar, Ayman Fathy, Abdelwahab S. Almoregy, Gamal Osman and Loay M. Gertallah

Disorganization of spleen compartments and dermatitis in canine visceral leishmaniasis

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is associated with splenic changes that may interfere with the surveillance of blood borne antigens. Dogs with terminal visceral leishmaniasis present with a variety of skin lesio...

Authors: Claudia C. Santana, Luiz A. R. de Freitas, Geraldo G. S. Oliveira and Washington L. C. dos-Santos

EBV-positive mucocutaneous ulcers: a presentation of two cases and a brief literature review

Mucocutaneous ulcers associated with the Epstein Barr virus constitute an EBV-induced B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder first described in 2010 by Stefan D. Dojcinov et al. These lesions can occur in associa...

Authors: Karolinne Correia Wanderlei, Danielle Carvalho Quintella, Tullia Cuzzi, Denize D’Azambuja Ramos, José Carlos Morais, Mário Romañach and Cristiane Bedran Milito

A case series of dermatofibromas originating in leprosy lesions: a potentially misdiagnosed condition

Authors: C. T. Soares, P. Y. Masuda, D. C. Junior, W. A. Belachew and P. A. Wachholz

Apc-related models of intestinal neoplasia: a brief review for pathologists

Rodent models of intestinal cancer are widely used as preclinical models for human colorectal carcinoma and have proven useful in many experimental contexts, including elucidation of basic pathways of carcinog...

Authors: Kay Washington and Annie Elizabeth Dietz Zemper