Table 6 Neuromuscular immunohistochemistry: selected antibodies (Dubowitz et al., 2020; Dubowitz et al., 2013; Paradas et al., 2005; Dastgir et al. 2016; Udd et al. 2019)
From: Muscle biopsy essential diagnostic advice for pathologists
| Â | Reaction |
|---|---|
Dystrophinopathies | |
 Spectrin (sarcoplasmic membrane integrity marker) | SM |
 Dystrophin Rod domain (DYS1) | SM |
 Dystrophin carboxy-terminal (DYS2) | SM |
 Dystrophin amino-terminal (DYS3) | SM |
 Utrophin | SM |
 Neonatal myosin | S/ RF |
Other muscular dystrophies | |
 Spectrin (sarcoplasmic membrane integrity marker) | SM |
 Alpha-sarcoglycan | SM |
 Beta-sarcoglycan | SM |
 Gamma-sarcoglycan | SM |
 Delta-sarcoglycan | SM |
 Dysferlin | SM |
 Caveolin | SM |
 Telethonin | S |
 Emerin | NM |
 Collagen VI | EM |
 Laminin alpha 5 | EM |
 Laminin beta 1 | EM |
 Laminin gamma 1 (extracellular matrix integrity marker) | EM |
 Merosin (alpha-2 laminin) (80 kDa, 300 kDa) | EM |
 Integrin alpha-7 | SM |
 Alpha-dystroglycan (VIA4, IIH6C4) | EM |
 Beta-dystroglycan | SM |
 nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase) | SM |
Inflammatory myopathies | |
 CD3 | TL |
 CD4 | TL |
 CD8 | TL |
 CD20 | BL |
 CD138 | P |
 CD45 | TL/ BL |
 CD68 | Mac |
 CD31 | C |
 MHC-I | C |
 p62 | A |
 C5b-9 | C |
Myofibrillar myopathies | |
 Desmin | S |
 Myotilin | S |
 Beta-crystallin | S |
Sporadic inclusion body myositis | |
 Ubiquitin | S |
Myosins | |
 Rapid myosin | S |
 Slow myosin | S |
 Embryonic myosin | S |
 Fetal myosin | S |