Table 1 Differences between papillary and non-papillary urothelial lesions
From: The papilla as a biomarker in the molecular era of bladder oncology
| Â | PAPILLARY | NON-PAPILLARY |
|---|---|---|
Gross terminology | Papillary | Flat, Solid, Ulcerated |
Histological classification | Papilloma, PUNLMP, Non-invasive urothelial carcinoma, Invasive urothelial carcinoma | Urothelial carcinoma in situ, Invasive urothelial carcinoma |
Growth | Tends to grow in size before invasion and metastases | Invade and metastasize early |
Clinical behavior | Benign, uncertain malignant potential, malignant | Malignant |
Most frequent molecular alterations | Activating mutations in oncogenes | Inactivating mutations in tumor suppressor genes, genomic instability |
Oncogenesis | De novo | De novo or progress from papillary carcinoma |
Most frequent molecular subtype | Luminal | Luminal and basal |
Squamous differentiation | Rare | Frequent |
Relationship with extracellular matrix | Cooperation | Proteolysis |