Table 1 Previously reported cases of recurrent lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) in the lung allograft
Reference | Age at diagnosis | Age at Transplant | Transplant Surgery | Time at recurrence | Means of diagnosis | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nine et al. 1994 | Unknown | 45 | Left single lung | 3 years | Autopsy | Death at 3 years after Tx from disseminated fungal infection with cerebral abscess |
O'Brien et al. 1995 | 38 | 42 | Right single lung | 2 years | Autopsy | Death at 2 years after Tx from invasive pulmonary aspergillosis |
Pigula et al. 1997 | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 2 months | Autopsy | Death from herpes pneumonia |
Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | 30 months | Autopsy | Death from disseminated aspergillosis | |
31 | 31 | Right single lung | 442 days | Open lung biopsy | Death several months after the diagnosis of recurrent LAM from respiratory failure | |
Karbowniczek et al. 2003 | Unknown | 44 | Right single lung | 22 months | Autopsy | Aspergillus pneumonia |
Pechet et al. 2004 | Unknown | Unknown | Right single lung | 22 months | Autopsy | Sepsis |
20 | 23 | Right and left lower lobes | 2 years | - Abnormal chest CT - Transbronchial biopsy | Treated with sirolimus for 3 years, alive at report with improved respiratory function and imaging finding | |
Sugimoto et al. 2008 | 28 | 28 | Right and left lower lobes | 5 years | - Abnormal chest CT - Pleural effusion cytology | Treated with sirolimus for 2 years, alive at report with improved respiratory function |
Zaki et al. 2016 | 51 | 66 | Bilateral lungs | 9 years | Transbronchial biopsy | - Sirolimus therapy stabilized lung function for a brief period - Subsequently developed H1N1 influenza and mycoplasma pneumonia - Death from chronic rejection and recurrent LAM |
Current case, Sathirareuangchai et al. 2021 | 44 | 45 | Bilateral lungs | 7 years | Transbronchial biopsy | - Death from COVID-19 |